Export von Kunststoffmaterial aus Industrtrie u. Gewerbe - Plasticrecycling - export, recycling of plastic scrap materials - LDPE 98/82

Glossary:

waste management - plastic recycling
Source: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kunststoff-Recycling mbH www.dkr.de *

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Centrifugal sorting A sorting process for plastics similar to the > sink-float or hydrocyclone process which separates shredded plastic packaging into a lightweight and a heavy fraction. A cylindrical, water-filled centrifuge is used for this purpose.
Composites A packaging material consisting of different layers of cardboard, plastic (polyethylene) and, in some cases, aluminium. It is mostly used for beverage cartons.
Dual System A second (dual) waste management system for used sales packaging operating side by side with the public waste disposal system. The legal basis is the German Packaging Ordinance and the Product Recycling and Waste Management Act. The Dual System, a private enterprise, organises the collection and sorting of used packaging for recycling purposes - the name of the company is Duales System Deutschland AG. The system is financed by licence fees levied for the Green Dot trademark.
Feedstock recycling A way of recycling plastics by converting them into their starting materials oil and gas or using them as a substitute for heavy oil in the production of pig iron. Well-known processes are methanol production and the reduction process.
Bottles Plastic bottles constitute an independent material fraction which is separated out during sorting. They primarily consist of polyethylene (PE-HD) or polypropylene (PP); two polyolefines which are very suitable for mechanical recycling. PET bottles now account for only about 4,8 percent of the quantity accepted for recycling. The number of PET bottles received by the DKR form the Dual System collection has dropped darstically since the introduction of the mandatory deposit on bottles for carbonated drinks.
Bottle-to-bottle Recycling Used bottles are recycled to new ones suitable for foods.
Bottle refining Method for bottles developped by DKR of sorting into PE, PP und PET materials using Near-infrared technology (NIR) The bottles are then collected by their colours (> Near-infrared technology).
Films Film packaging consists of plastic bags and other film wrappers, e.g. for food. Films are generally manufactured from polyethylene (PE).
Green Dot The Green Dot on sales packaging indicates that the manufacturers, fillers and distributors of packaging marked in this way have made a financial contribution to its collection, sorting, processing and recycling by paying licence fees. Packaging marked with the Green Dot that is collected in yellow bags or bins is forwarded for recycling.
Ground stock (flakes) Intermediate product obtained during the processing of mixed plastics. It is produced by shredding used plastic sales packaging in processing plants after its delivery from the sorting plants in the form of large bales.
Hydrocyclone process A sorting process with which different types of plastics are sorted into a heavy and a lightweight fraction on the basis of their specific density. In the hydrocyclone, cleaned and shredded plastic waste is whirled around in a water-filled cylinder. Centrifugal forces route the heavy fraction towards the outside and the lightweight fraction towards the centre where it is extracted through a pipe..
Injection moulding A common process in the plastics processing sector in which a molten plastic mass is injected into a mould at high pressure. This process is also suitable for appropriately prepared recyclates. Examples of products manufactured with the injection moulding process are transport pallets, flowerbed edging and waste containers.
Intrusion A mechanical recycling process. Mixed, finely ground plastic particles are melted into a plastic mass which is pressed directly into a mould. Typical products are traffic islands, honeycomb-type paving stones or window frames.
Lightweight packaging Sales packaging manufactured from materials such as plastics, composites, aluminium or tinplate. The packaging is normally marked with the Green Dot and collected in yellow bags or bins.
Mixed plastics Largest material fraction (2003: 64 percent) obtained after the sorting of plastic sales packaging. It contains various types of plastics which could only be separated from each other at considerable expense and basically consists of small, slightly dirty articles such as tubs, tubes and small pieces of film. Most of the mixed plastic fraction is processed into agglomerate and forwarded for feedstock and, in some cases, for mechanical recycling.
Near-infrared technology Plastic packaging can be separated according to material with near-infrared technology (NIR technology) - automatically and almost homogeneously. By means of infrared light, the NIR modules in a sorting plant identify the position and material characteristics of the packaging on the conveyor belt. The different reflection of this light by the different plastics is recorded by sensors. Computers subsequently analyse the recorded data and instantaneously actuate blow-off nozzles which pneumatically remove the plastics from the conveyor belt and sort them according to type. Further separating steps are possible. For instance, PET packaging can also be sorted according to colour.
Opaque PET bottles non-transparent, coloured bottles
Plastics Plastics are steadily becoming more popular as a packaging material. Based on the number of items on the market, more than 60 percent of all packaging is now manufactured completely or partly from plastic. Five types of plastic are primarily used for packaging: Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene-terephthalat (PET) and a very small amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Polyolefine plastics (PO) Plastic materials very appropriate for recycling are: Polyethylen of high (HDPE) and low density (LDPE), Polypropylen (PP). HDPE is mostly used for bottles, tubs, beverage chests, LDPE is used for films, PP for cups and other bottles.
Processing Prior to feedstock recycling, the heterogeneous mixed plastics fraction is processed into agglomerate with the aid of special preparation processes. For this purpose, the shredded plastic packaging is compacted, i.e. heated to just below melting point. A coarse-grained agglomerate is obtained from this soft mass. Two processing techniques are employed: "Dry" and "wet" preparation. In the case of dry preparation, the packaging is shredded prior to compacting and most metal and paper impurities are removed with the aid of various separation techniques. Plastics processed into agglomerate with the dry method are primarily used for feedstock recycling. However, the agglomerate can also be used to produce finished products in the mechanical recycling sector (intrusion). In the case of wet preparation, the packaging is shredded and any impurities, dirt, paper and non-polyolefine plastics are removed in a washing and sink-float step. Very pure polyolefines are obtained as the end product. After being dried and granulated, this product can be processed industrially and used for high-quality applications, e.g. injection moulding.
Product Recycling and Waste Management Act of 1996 (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz, Verpackungsverordnung) This sets forth the concept of product responsibility for manufacturers, processors and distributors, making them responsible for the products they put into circulation. The law also allows some of the used plastic sales packaging to be energetically recovered under certain conditions.
Regenerates These are produced from ground stock, agglomerate or regranulate by adding further substances which change the properties of these recyclates in a specific way.
Regranulate A coarse-grained, homogeneous plastic material which can be recovered from mono-fraction or mixed plastics. It is produced by melting ground stock or agglomerate.
Sink-float process A sorting process for shredded, mixed plastic waste in which the specific density of different types of plastic in water is used to separate the material into a lightweight and a heavy fraction.
Secondary raw materials Raw materials which are used for recycling or which are recovered by means of recycling.
Transfer moulding A mechanical recycling process, in which mixed plastics are melted and pressed into moulds. The process is suitable for the production of solid, thick-walled moulded articles such as slabs or transport pallets.
Transparent PET bottles PET bottles have been collected separately since 2001. They are then sorted according to their colours
Yellow bag / yellow bin Consumers are supplied with these Dual System collection containers for lightweight packaging which are subsequently picked up by waste management companies.
 

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*) Published courtesy of DKR
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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